Wood chips are incredibly versatile. From adding a decorative touch to your garden pathways to enriching your soil, acting as mulch, or even fueling your smoker, the possibilities are endless. But purchasing bags of wood chips can quickly become expensive. The good news is that making your own wood chips is a surprisingly straightforward process that can save you money and give you control over the type and quality of the chips you use. This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know, from choosing the right wood to selecting the appropriate equipment and safely creating your own supply of wood chips.
Understanding the Benefits of Making Your Own Wood Chips
Why go through the effort of making your own wood chips when you can simply buy them? The answer lies in a combination of cost savings, customization, and sustainability.
Making your own wood chips is undoubtedly cheaper in the long run, especially if you have access to free or low-cost wood sources like fallen branches, tree trimmings, or discarded lumber. The price of bagged wood chips from garden centers and hardware stores adds up quickly, making DIY a financially sound alternative.
You also have complete control over the type of wood used. This is crucial for specific applications like smoking food, where different wood types impart unique flavors. You can select hardwoods like hickory, oak, or maple for smoking or choose softwoods like pine or cedar for landscaping (though be careful using softwoods in garden beds due to their acidity). This level of customization isn’t always available with commercially produced wood chips.
Making your own wood chips can be more sustainable. By utilizing yard waste, tree trimmings, or even reclaimed lumber, you reduce the amount of organic material going to landfills. This process promotes recycling and responsible waste management. Using locally sourced wood also reduces the carbon footprint associated with transportation.
Choosing the Right Wood for Your Wood Chips
The type of wood you select significantly impacts the suitability of your wood chips for different applications. Understanding the characteristics of various wood types is essential for making informed decisions.
For smoking meats, hardwoods like hickory, oak, maple, apple, cherry, and mesquite are generally preferred. They burn slowly and produce flavorful smoke. Avoid using softwoods like pine, fir, or cedar for smoking as they contain resins that can impart an unpleasant taste and potentially harmful chemicals to the food.
For gardening and landscaping, both hardwoods and softwoods can be used, but with careful consideration. Hardwood chips decompose slowly and are ideal for pathways and mulching around established trees and shrubs. Softwood chips decompose faster and can be used as a soil amendment, but they can also acidify the soil. Consider the pH requirements of your plants before using softwood chips in your garden beds. Cedar and redwood chips are naturally insect-repellent, making them a good choice for mulching around structures to deter pests.
Wood should be free from paints, stains, preservatives, or other chemical treatments if it’s intended for gardening, landscaping or especially smoking. These chemicals can leach into the soil, contaminate food, and be harmful to the environment. Untreated wood is crucial for ensuring the safety and integrity of your wood chips.
Consider the size and shape of the wood you are starting with. Larger branches and logs will require more powerful equipment to chip, while smaller branches and twigs can be processed with lighter-duty tools. Aim for pieces that are manageable for your chosen equipment.
Essential Tools and Equipment for Making Wood Chips
Several tools and equipment can be used to make wood chips, ranging from manual options to powered machinery. The best choice for you depends on the volume of wood chips you need to produce, the size of the wood you have available, and your budget.
A manual wood chipper is a hand-operated device that uses a rotating blade to chip small branches and twigs. It’s a good option for small-scale projects and for those who want a more environmentally friendly approach. However, manual chippers require significant physical effort and are not suitable for larger branches or high-volume production.
An electric wood chipper is a powered machine that uses an electric motor to drive a chipping blade. It’s more powerful than a manual chipper and can handle slightly larger branches. Electric chippers are relatively quiet and produce no emissions, making them a good choice for residential areas. They are, however, limited by the availability of an electrical outlet and may not be suitable for remote locations.
A gas-powered wood chipper is the most powerful option and is ideal for processing large branches and logs. Gas chippers are portable and can be used in remote locations. They are, however, noisier and produce emissions. They also require regular maintenance, including oil changes and spark plug replacements.
A wood splitter is used to split large logs into smaller pieces that can be fed into a wood chipper. While not strictly necessary, a wood splitter can significantly reduce the effort required to process large wood. Wood splitters are available in manual, electric, and gas-powered models.
Safety gear is essential when operating any wood-chipping equipment. This includes safety glasses to protect your eyes from flying debris, work gloves to protect your hands, and ear protection to reduce noise exposure. Sturdy work boots are also recommended.
Step-by-Step Guide to Making Your Own Wood Chips
Now that you understand the benefits, wood selection, and equipment options, let’s dive into the step-by-step process of making your own wood chips.
First, gather your wood. Collect the branches, tree trimmings, or lumber that you want to chip. Ensure the wood is free from nails, screws, or other foreign objects that could damage your equipment. Cut the wood into manageable lengths that are appropriate for your chipper.
Set up your equipment in a safe and well-ventilated area. If using an electric chipper, ensure it is plugged into a grounded outlet. If using a gas-powered chipper, make sure it is properly fueled and that the area is clear of flammable materials. Position the chipper so that the discharge chute is directed away from people and structures.
Put on your safety gear. This includes safety glasses, work gloves, and ear protection.
Feed the wood into the chipper, following the manufacturer’s instructions. Start with smaller branches and gradually increase the size as you become more comfortable with the equipment. Avoid forcing the wood into the chipper, as this can damage the blades or cause the machine to stall.
Collect the wood chips as they are discharged from the chipper. Use a wheelbarrow or other container to collect the chips and transport them to their final destination.
Inspect the wood chips for any large pieces or debris. Remove any unwanted materials and discard them appropriately.
Repeat the process until you have produced the desired amount of wood chips.
Clean your equipment after each use. Remove any debris from the chipper and inspect the blades for damage. Sharpen or replace the blades as needed. Store the chipper in a dry and secure location.
Safety Precautions When Making Wood Chips
Safety is paramount when operating wood-chipping equipment. Adhering to safety precautions can prevent accidents and injuries.
Always read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for your equipment. Understand the operating procedures and safety features of your chipper before using it.
Wear appropriate safety gear. Safety glasses, work gloves, ear protection, and sturdy work boots are essential for protecting yourself from injury.
Keep children and pets away from the work area. Wood chippers are powerful machines and can be dangerous if not operated properly.
Never reach into the chipper while it is running. Use a push stick or other tool to feed the wood into the chipper if necessary.
Do not operate the chipper under the influence of drugs or alcohol.
Inspect the wood for nails, screws, or other foreign objects before chipping. These objects can damage the blades and cause the machine to malfunction.
Do not overload the chipper. Feed the wood at a rate that the machine can handle.
Turn off and unplug the chipper before performing any maintenance or repairs.
Store the chipper in a dry and secure location when not in use.
Tips for Efficient Wood Chip Production
Making wood chips can be a time-consuming process, but there are several ways to improve efficiency and streamline the operation.
Sort the wood by size and type before chipping. This allows you to optimize the chipper’s settings for each type of wood and reduces the need to stop and adjust the machine frequently.
Use a wood splitter to reduce large logs into smaller, more manageable pieces. This will make it easier to feed the wood into the chipper and reduce the strain on the machine.
Work with a partner. One person can feed the wood into the chipper while the other collects the wood chips and manages the work area.
Maintain your equipment regularly. Sharpening the blades and performing routine maintenance will ensure that the chipper operates efficiently and safely.
Consider renting a larger chipper if you have a large volume of wood to process. Renting a powerful machine can save you time and effort.
Choose the right time of year to make wood chips. Fall and winter are ideal times, as trees are often pruned during these seasons, providing a readily available source of wood.
Storing Your Homemade Wood Chips
Proper storage is essential for preserving the quality of your wood chips. How you store them depends on how you intend to use them.
Store wood chips in a dry, well-ventilated location. This will prevent them from becoming moldy or rotting.
If storing wood chips outdoors, cover them with a tarp to protect them from rain and snow.
Avoid storing wood chips in direct sunlight, as this can cause them to dry out and lose their color.
Consider storing different types of wood chips separately. This will make it easier to access the specific type of chip you need for a particular application.
For long-term storage, consider using airtight containers. This will help to prevent the wood chips from degrading.
If you plan to use the wood chips for smoking, ensure they are completely dry before storing them. Damp wood chips can produce bitter smoke.
Creative Uses for Your Homemade Wood Chips
Once you’ve created your own supply of wood chips, the possibilities are endless. Here are a few creative ways to use them.
Use wood chips as mulch around trees, shrubs, and garden beds. Mulch helps to retain moisture in the soil, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
Create pathways and walkways with wood chips. Wood chip pathways are a natural and attractive alternative to concrete or asphalt.
Use wood chips as a soil amendment. Wood chips can improve soil drainage, aeration, and fertility.
Use wood chips for composting. Wood chips add carbon to the compost pile and help to balance the nitrogen-rich materials.
Use wood chips for smoking meats, fish, and poultry. Different wood types impart unique flavors to smoked foods.
Use wood chips for crafting projects. Wood chips can be used to create decorative items, such as picture frames, coasters, and ornaments.
Use wood chips as playground surfacing. Wood chips provide a soft and safe surface for children to play on.
Use wood chips as animal bedding. Wood chips can be used as bedding for livestock, poultry, and other animals.
What types of wood are safe to use for making wood chips for gardening?
Generally, hardwood trees like oak, maple, and birch are excellent choices for wood chips intended for garden use. These hardwoods decompose slowly, providing long-lasting benefits such as weed suppression, moisture retention, and soil temperature regulation. Avoid using wood from treated lumber, as it contains chemicals that can leach into the soil and harm plants. Also, steer clear of black walnut wood, which contains juglone, a compound toxic to many plants, especially members of the nightshade family like tomatoes and peppers.
Softwoods, such as pine, spruce, and fir, can also be used, but they tend to decompose faster than hardwoods and may slightly acidify the soil. This can be beneficial for acid-loving plants like blueberries and azaleas. Always ensure the wood is free from disease or insect infestations before chipping it. Consider composting softwood chips for a period before using them directly in the garden to further reduce any potential acidity issues and accelerate the decomposition process.
What tools do I need to make my own wood chips?
The essential tool for making wood chips is a wood chipper. These come in various sizes and power levels, ranging from small electric models suitable for branches up to a few inches in diameter to larger gas-powered machines capable of handling thicker branches and small tree trunks. The best choice depends on the volume of wood you plan to chip and the size of the branches you’ll be processing. Renting a wood chipper is a cost-effective option if you only need it occasionally.
Besides a wood chipper, you’ll need essential safety gear. This includes safety glasses to protect your eyes from flying debris, work gloves to protect your hands, and ear protection to reduce the noise from the chipper. It’s also advisable to wear sturdy footwear and long sleeves to prevent injuries. A collection container, such as a wheelbarrow or large garbage can, will be useful for gathering the finished wood chips.
How do I safely operate a wood chipper?
Before operating any wood chipper, thoroughly read and understand the manufacturer’s instructions. Never operate a chipper without wearing the appropriate safety gear, including safety glasses, gloves, and ear protection. Clear the area around the chipper of any obstacles and ensure you have a stable and level surface to work on. Always maintain a safe distance from the infeed chute and discharge area to avoid being hit by flying debris.
Feed the wood into the chipper smoothly and steadily, avoiding forcing or overloading the machine. Never put your hands or feet into the infeed chute while the chipper is running. If a branch gets stuck, turn off the chipper and wait for it to come to a complete stop before attempting to remove the obstruction. Regularly inspect the chipper for any signs of damage or wear, and perform necessary maintenance according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
What size wood chips are best for different gardening applications?
The ideal size of wood chips depends on their intended use. For mulching garden beds, a mix of sizes is generally preferred, with pieces ranging from 1 to 3 inches in length. This provides good coverage, allows for adequate air circulation, and breaks down gradually to improve the soil over time. Smaller chips, about 1 inch or less, are better suited for amending soil, as they decompose more quickly and add organic matter to the soil.
Larger wood chips, ranging from 3 to 6 inches, are often used for creating pathways or walkways. They provide a more stable and longer-lasting surface compared to smaller chips. For composting, a variety of wood chip sizes can be used, but it’s best to combine them with other organic materials like leaves and grass clippings to ensure proper decomposition and a balanced carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Consistent sizing within a batch is not crucial for most applications, as the natural variation adds to the overall benefits.
How do I store wood chips properly?
The best way to store wood chips is in a well-ventilated area, preferably under a tarp or roof to protect them from excessive rain and snow. This prevents them from becoming waterlogged and encourages proper decomposition. Avoid storing wood chips in airtight containers or enclosed spaces, as this can lead to anaerobic conditions, which can produce unpleasant odors and potentially harmful compounds.
If storing wood chips for an extended period, consider turning the pile occasionally to promote even decomposition and prevent compaction. This also helps to control the temperature and moisture levels within the pile. Adding a small amount of nitrogen-rich material, such as grass clippings or manure, can help to accelerate the composting process and improve the quality of the wood chips for gardening purposes. Properly stored wood chips can last for several months or even years without significant degradation.
Can I use wood chips as mulch around all types of plants?
Wood chips are generally safe and beneficial for mulching around most plants, but there are some exceptions to consider. Acid-loving plants like blueberries, azaleas, and rhododendrons thrive with wood chip mulch, especially from pine or other softwood varieties, as they help to maintain a slightly acidic soil pH. However, for plants that prefer alkaline soil, such as lavender and rosemary, wood chip mulch may not be the best choice.
Avoid placing wood chips directly against the stems or trunks of plants, as this can create a moist environment that promotes fungal diseases and attracts pests. Instead, leave a few inches of space between the mulch and the plant’s base. Be cautious when using fresh, uncomposted wood chips around young seedlings or delicate plants, as they can temporarily deplete nitrogen from the soil as they decompose. Composted wood chips are generally safer for these applications. Always observe how your plants respond to wood chip mulch and adjust your approach accordingly.
How long does it take for wood chips to decompose and enrich the soil?
The time it takes for wood chips to decompose and enrich the soil depends on several factors, including the type of wood, the size of the chips, the climate, and the presence of moisture and nutrients. Hardwood chips typically decompose more slowly than softwood chips, and larger chips take longer to break down than smaller chips. Warm, moist conditions promote faster decomposition, while cold, dry conditions slow the process down.
In general, you can expect wood chips to begin breaking down within a few months, but it may take a year or more for them to fully decompose and become incorporated into the soil. Adding nitrogen-rich materials, such as grass clippings or composted manure, can significantly accelerate the decomposition process. Regularly turning or aerating the wood chips can also help to speed up decomposition and improve the quality of the resulting soil amendment. Over time, the decomposed wood chips will add valuable organic matter to the soil, improving its structure, water retention, and nutrient content.