Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, affects over 31 million people in the United States alone. This chronic skin condition is characterized by dry, itchy, inflamed skin that can flare up due to various environmental, genetic, and lifestyle factors. While many people turn to natural remedies—including plant-based oils—for relief, not all oils are beneficial for eczema-prone skin. In fact, certain oils can worsen symptoms, trigger flares, and even damage the skin barrier.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the types of oils that may worsen eczema, the science behind why they’re harmful, and what safer alternatives exist. Whether you’re managing your own eczema or supporting a loved one, understanding which ingredients to avoid is key to achieving smoother, healthier skin.
Understanding Eczema and the Skin Barrier
Before diving into oils that worsen eczema, it’s crucial to understand what eczema is and how the skin barrier plays a pivotal role in its development and management.
What Is Eczema?
Eczema is not a single disease but a group of conditions that cause the skin to become inflamed, red, cracked, and extremely itchy. The most common form is atopic dermatitis, which often begins in childhood but can persist into adulthood or appear later in life. Eczema flares are often triggered by allergens, irritants, stress, weather changes, and certain skincare products.
The Role of the Skin Barrier
Healthy skin functions as a protective barrier, locking in moisture and keeping out irritants, allergens, and microbes. In people with eczema, this barrier is compromised due to genetic and environmental factors. A weakened skin barrier allows moisture to escape and allergens to penetrate the skin more easily, leading to dryness, irritation, and inflammation.
This is where topical products—including oils—come into play. While some oils help reinforce the skin barrier, others can exacerbate its dysfunction and increase inflammation.
Oils That May Worsen Eczema
Not all natural or plant-derived oils are suitable for sensitive, eczema-prone skin. Some oils contain high levels of certain fatty acids or allergens that can trigger an immune response, disrupt lipid balance, or promote bacterial overgrowth. Below is a detailed breakdown of the most common oils linked to worsening eczema symptoms.
1. Coconut Oil (Especially Unrefined or Virgin Coconut Oil)
While widely marketed as a natural remedy for dry skin, coconut oil may not be ideal for everyone with eczema.
- High in Lauric Acid: Coconut oil is rich in lauric acid, known for its antimicrobial properties. However, lauric acid can be irritating to sensitive skin, and for some individuals, it increases inflammation.
- Allergic Reactions: Although rare, some people are allergic to coconut. An allergic reaction can worsen eczema flares with symptoms like redness, swelling, and hives.
- Clogged Pores: Despite being non-comedogenic for many, coconut oil can clog pores in some individuals, increasing the risk of folliculitis or acne-like eruptions on eczema-affected areas.
A 2018 study published in the International Journal of Dermatology found that while coconut oil improved skin hydration in some children with mild eczema, it increased irritation in others, particularly those with more severe symptoms. Therefore, patch testing is highly recommended.
2. Olive Oil
Olive oil is a popular kitchen staple and often used in DIY skincare recipes. However, it is generally not recommended for eczema sufferers.
Why Olive Oil Can Harm Eczema-Prone Skin
- High Oleic Acid Content: Olive oil is rich in oleic acid (up to 78%). Oleic acid can penetrate the skin more easily than other fatty acids, potentially disrupting the skin barrier and increasing water loss.
- Low Linoleic Acid: Eczema-prone skin often lacks linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid that helps maintain barrier integrity. Olive oil contains only about 8–10% linoleic acid, making it less ideal for repair.
- Increases Trans-Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL): Studies show that applying olive oil to compromised skin can increase TEWL, leading to further dryness and flakiness.
A 2013 study in the Pediatric Dermatology journal concluded that olive oil application worsened the skin barrier function in infants with existing or developing atopic dermatitis, suggesting that it should be avoided, especially in young children.
3. Mineral Oil
Though chemically inert and inexpensive, mineral oil is controversial in skincare, especially for eczema.
Potential Drawbacks of Mineral Oil
- Occlusive Without Nourishing: While mineral oil forms a protective layer on the skin that reduces moisture loss, it doesn’t provide any nutrients or essential fatty acids.
- May Trap Irritants: By forming a seal on the skin, it can trap sweat, bacteria, and allergens underneath, potentially worsening inflammation.
- Purity Concerns: Not all mineral oils are created equal. Low-grade or impure mineral oil may contain contaminants that irritate sensitive skin.
Despite being approved by the FDA for use in cosmetics, dermatologists often caution against relying on mineral oil for long-term eczema care due to its lack of skin-restorative benefits.
4. Essential Oils (Even if “Natural”)
Many people assume that because essential oils are derived from plants, they must be safe for eczema. However, they are among the most common triggers of skin allergies and irritation.
Essential Oils Likely to Worsen Eczema
| Essential Oil | Common Allergens or Irritants | Potential Risks for Eczema |
|---|---|---|
| Lavender Oil | Linalool, limonene | Can cause allergic contact dermatitis; studies show increased skin sensitivity in those with pre-existing eczema. |
| Tea Tree Oil | Terpene compounds | Known for antimicrobial properties but highly irritating at full strength; linked to contact dermatitis. |
| Peppermint Oil | Menthol | Cools the skin but may trigger stinging, redness, and increased itching. |
| Eucalyptus Oil | 1,8-cineole | Strong irritant; can worsen inflammation on sensitive skin. |
A 2021 review in Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology highlighted that fragrance, including essential oils, is one of the top causes of allergic contact dermatitis—and eczema patients are particularly vulnerable.
Important Note: Even diluted essential oils can be problematic. The National Eczema Association recommends avoiding all fragranced products, including those with essential oils, for people with moderate to severe eczema.
5. Citrus-Based Oils
Oils extracted from citrus peels—such as lemon, orange, and bergamot—are phototoxic and highly irritating, making them unsuitable for inflamed skin.
- Phototoxicity: These oils contain compounds like psoralens, which, when exposed to UV light, can cause severe burning, blistering, or hyperpigmentation—especially dangerous for those with already damaged skin.
- pH Imbalance: Citrus oils are acidic and can disrupt the skin’s natural pH, further weakening the barrier.
- Allergenic Potential: Limonene and linalool in citrus oils oxidize over time, increasing their allergenic properties.
Using citrus oils during the day without sun protection can lead to long-term skin damage and worsened eczema symptoms.
How Oils Interact with Eczema: The Science Explained
To truly understand why some oils worsen eczema, let’s look at the underlying science of fatty acid composition and skin physiology.
Fatty Acid Profiles and Skin Health
The fatty acid composition of oils determines how they interact with the skin. Two key fatty acids are oleic acid and linoleic acid.
- Oleic Acid: While nourishing for normal skin, oleic acid can disrupt the skin barrier in people with eczema due to its ability to deeply penetrate compromised skin and alter lipid arrangement.
- Linoleic Acid: A vital omega-6 fatty acid that helps maintain the skin barrier. Eczema patients often have lower levels in their stratum corneum (outer skin layer), so oils high in linoleic acid are preferred.
Oils high in oleic acid (like olive oil) and low in linoleic acid are more likely to exacerbate eczema symptoms.
Comedogenicity and Skin Penetration
Oils vary in their ability to clog pores, or their comedogenic rating. High-comedogenic oils may block hair follicles, leading to irritation and secondary infections—especially problematic on already inflamed eczema patches.
Oxidation and Allergen Formation
Some oils, particularly unsaturated ones, can oxidize when exposed to air and light. Oxidized oils produce free radicals and irritants that trigger inflammation and worsen eczema flares. For example, cold-pressed oils with high polyunsaturated fatty acid content should be stored properly and used within their shelf life.
Safer Oil Alternatives for Eczema-Prone Skin
Avoiding problematic oils is only part of an effective eczema management strategy. The right oils can strengthen the skin barrier, reduce inflammation, and improve moisture retention.
1. Sunflower Seed Oil
Sunflower seed oil is one of the most clinically supported oils for eczema.
- High in Linoleic Acid: Approximately 68%, helping restore skin barrier function.
- Anti-inflammatory: Contains vitamin E and polyphenols that soothe irritated skin.
- Reduces Bacterial Growth: Shown in studies to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium that often colonizes eczema-prone skin.
A randomized trial published in Pediatric Dermatology found that applying sunflower seed oil twice daily significantly improved skin hydration and reduced severity in infants with mild eczema.
2. Safflower Oil
Similar to sunflower oil, safflower oil is high in linoleic acid (up to 78%) and low in oleic acid. It helps reinforce the lipid layer, reduces TEWL, and is generally non-irritating.
3. Jojoba Oil
Despite being called an oil, jojoba is actually a liquid wax ester. This molecular structure closely mimics the skin’s natural sebum, making it non-comedogenic and highly compatible.
- Balances Skin pH: Does not disrupt the protective acid mantle.
- Non-Allergenic: Rarely causes reactions, even in sensitive individuals.
- Antimicrobial Properties: May help reduce infection risks in broken skin.
Jojoba oil is excellent for scalp eczema and dry patches on elbows and knees.
4. Grapeseed Oil
Lightweight and quickly absorbed, grapeseed oil contains a favorable ratio of linoleic to oleic acid (about 70% linoleic). It’s also rich in antioxidants like proanthocyanidins, which combat oxidative stress on inflamed skin.
Cautions:
- Use cold-pressed, unrefined versions to preserve nutrients.
- Store in a cool, dark place to prevent oxidation.
How to Safely Introduce Oils into Your Eczema Routine
Even safe oils can cause reactions in hypersensitive individuals. Here’s a step-by-step approach to incorporating oils without triggering flares.
Patch Testing Is Crucial
Before applying any new oil to affected areas:
- Apply a small amount (about the size of a dime) to the inner forearm or behind the ear.
- Cover and leave for 24–48 hours.
- Watch for redness, swelling, itching, or blistering.
- If any reaction occurs, discontinue use.
Use Oils Correctly
- Apply to Damp Skin: Lock in moisture by applying oil immediately after bathing or misting skin with water.
- Layer Wisely: Use lighter oils (like sunflower) first, then seal with thicker emollients if needed.
- Limit Frequency: Start with once daily and increase only if tolerated.
Choose the Right Formulation
Not all oil-based products are created equal. Look for:
- Fragrance-free, dye-free, and hypoallergenic labels.
- Products approved by the National Eczema Association.
- Cold-pressed, organic oils without additives.
Avoid oils mixed with alcohol, strong fragrances, or chemical preservatives.
Common Myths About Oils and Eczema
Misinformation about natural oils and skin health is widespread. Let’s debunk some common myths.
Myth 1: “Natural Oils Are Always Safe”
Just because an oil is plant-derived doesn’t mean it’s safe for eczema. Many natural oils are potent allergens. Always test and research before use.
Myth 2: “More Oils Mean Better Hydration”
Overloading the skin with oils can clog pores, trap irritants, and interfere with the skin’s ability to breathe and regenerate. Moderation is key.
Myth 3: “Coconut Oil is a Cure-All for Dry Skin”
While beneficial for some, coconut oil is not universally effective. For many eczema sufferers, it aggravates symptoms. Individual skin response varies.
When to Consult a Dermatologist
While topical oils can be helpful, they should not replace medical treatment. Consult a dermatologist if:
- Eczema symptoms persist or worsen despite home remedies.
- Signs of infection appear (pus, yellow crust, fever).
- You’re unsure about which oils or products to use.
A dermatologist can perform patch testing, recommend prescription treatments (like topical corticosteroids or biologics), and help build a personalized skincare regimen.
Final Thoughts: Choosing the Right Oils Matters
Managing eczema requires a thoughtful, evidence-based approach to skincare. While some oils like olive, coconut, and essential oils may seem helpful, they can actually worsen symptoms by disrupting the skin barrier, promoting inflammation, or triggering allergies.
Instead, opt for oils high in linoleic acid—such as sunflower, safflower, and grapeseed oil—or non-irritating alternatives like jojoba oil. Always patch test and avoid fragranced or oxidized products.
With the right knowledge and careful product selection, you can use oils to support—rather than sabotage—your skin’s health. Understanding what worsens eczema is the first step toward achieving lasting relief and stronger, more resilient skin.
Remember: Your skin is unique. What works for someone else may not work for you. Listen to your body, prioritize safety, and consult your healthcare provider when in doubt. Eczema management is a journey—one where informed choices pave the way to clearer, calmer skin.
Which oils are most likely to worsen eczema symptoms?
Certain oils can aggravate eczema due to their high levels of irritants, comedogenic properties, or potential to trigger allergic reactions. Oils such as coconut oil, despite its popularity, can clog pores and lead to irritation in some individuals, particularly those with sensitive or acne-prone skin alongside eczema. Essential oils like peppermint, citrus (e.g., lemon or orange), and eucalyptus are highly fragrant and may disrupt the skin barrier due to their volatile compounds, increasing the risk of redness, itching, and inflammation.
Additionally, oils containing high levels of oleic acid—such as olive oil—can compromise the skin’s natural barrier function. Oleic acid disrupts lipid organization in the stratum corneum, potentially increasing transepidermal water loss and promoting bacterial invasion. Fragranced carrier oils and low-quality, oxidized oils also pose risks, as they may introduce free radicals and other damaging byproducts that irritate already vulnerable skin.
Why is olive oil considered problematic for people with eczema?
Olive oil is often touted as a natural moisturizer, but research shows it may not be suitable for individuals with eczema. It has a high concentration of oleic acid, which can disrupt the skin’s lipid barrier. This disruption weakens the skin’s ability to retain moisture and defend against irritants and pathogens, leading to increased dryness, inflammation, and heightened sensitivity—conditions that can exacerbate flare-ups.
Moreover, olive oil lacks ceramides and linoleic acid, both of which are critical for repairing and maintaining a healthy skin barrier. Frequent use of olive oil on eczema-prone skin may cause roughness and worsen symptoms over time. Dermatologists often advise against using olive oil topically for those with atopic dermatitis, especially in children, as it has been linked to poorer skin outcomes compared to safer alternatives like sunflower or safflower oil.
Can essential oils trigger eczema flare-ups, and if so, which ones should be avoided?
Yes, essential oils can trigger eczema flare-ups, primarily due to their potent chemical constituents and high allergenic potential. Oils such as lavender, tea tree, peppermint, and citrus extracts (like bergamot or lemon) often contain terpenes and aldehydes that may irritate sensitive skin. Even when diluted, these oils can cause contact dermatitis in susceptible individuals, manifesting as redness, itching, or even blistering.
Furthermore, the lack of standardization in essential oil purity and concentration increases the risk of adverse reactions. Fragrance, regardless of its natural origin, is a common allergen in skincare products. For people with eczema, fragrance-free formulations are recommended to minimize immune response. Therefore, avoiding essential oils—especially on broken or inflamed skin—is a safer approach unless under the guidance of a healthcare provider familiar with their use.
Are there any carrier oils that might seem safe but can actually worsen eczema?
Some carrier oils marketed as gentle or natural can still harm eczema-prone skin, especially if they’re of low quality or improperly stored. For instance, borage oil and evening primrose oil contain gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), which is beneficial in theory, but studies have shown inconsistent results and potential for irritation in real-world use. Additionally, sunflower oil in its non-refined form may contain impurities that provoke skin reactions.
Another example is sweet almond oil, which contains both oleic and linoleic acids. While linoleic acid supports the skin barrier, the higher proportion of oleic acid in sweet almond oil may destabilize it in sensitive individuals. Also, nut-derived oils like almond or peanut oil pose allergy risks, particularly for those with nut sensitivities. Even if prior use was uneventful, repeated exposure may sensitize the skin over time, increasing the likelihood of adverse effects.
What makes certain oils irritating to the compromised skin barrier in eczema?
Eczema involves a damaged skin barrier, making it more permeable and sensitive to irritants. Oils with high oleic acid content increase the fluidity of the skin’s lipid layer, disrupting the tightly packed structure of ceramides and cholesterol essential for barrier integrity. This disruption allows allergens, microbes, and irritants to penetrate more easily, triggering inflammation and moisture loss.
Additionally, oxidation from improperly stored oils can introduce free radicals that further stress the skin. Light, heat, and air exposure degrade oils over time, producing rancid byproducts that may cause stinging or allergic reactions. Eczema sufferers are especially vulnerable to these changes because their skin lacks the antioxidant reserves to combat oxidative damage, making fresh, stable, and non-comedogenic oils crucial for safe topical use.
How can I test if an oil is safe to use on my eczema-prone skin?
The safest method to test an oil is a patch test. Apply a small amount (about the size of a dime) of the oil to a discreet area—such as the inside of your forearm or behind the ear—and cover it with a bandage. Monitor the site for 48 to 72 hours for any signs of redness, itching, swelling, or irritation. If no reaction occurs, the oil may be safe for broader use, though caution should still be exercised on broken or actively inflamed skin.
Even if the patch test is negative, introduce the oil gradually—using it once a day initially and increasing frequency only if tolerated. Avoid using multiple new products at the same time, as this makes it difficult to identify the culprit if a reaction occurs. Consider keeping a skincare journal to track symptoms and product use. If you have a history of severe eczema or allergies, consult a dermatologist before incorporating new oils.
What are some safer oil alternatives for individuals with eczema?
Safer oils for eczema typically have high linoleic acid and low oleic acid profiles, which support skin barrier repair. Examples include sunflower seed oil, safflower oil, and jojoba oil. Sunflower oil, in particular, has been shown in studies to improve skin hydration, reduce inflammation, and enhance ceramide synthesis, making it ideal for sensitive skin. Jojoba oil closely resembles the skin’s natural sebum and is non-comedogenic, reducing the risk of clogging pores.
Additionally, oils rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, such as calendula-infused oil or grapeseed oil, may offer soothing benefits without irritation. Always opt for cold-pressed, unrefined, and fragrance-free oils from reputable brands to minimize contamination and oxidation. For maximum safety, choose products labeled “hypoallergenic” and “dermatologist-tested,” especially when managing chronic eczema flare-ups.