Diatomaceous earth (DE) has gained considerable attention in recent years for its diverse applications. From pest control to health supplements, this naturally occurring substance is lauded for its versatility. However, the term “diatomaceous earth” encompasses various grades, leading to confusion about their safe and appropriate usage. Understanding the difference between regular diatomaceous earth and food grade diatomaceous earth is crucial to ensure safety and effectiveness. This article delves into the composition, manufacturing processes, applications, and potential risks associated with each type, providing a comprehensive guide to help you make informed decisions.
What is Diatomaceous Earth?
Diatomaceous earth is a sedimentary rock composed of the fossilized remains of diatoms, a type of single-celled algae with skeletons made of silica. These microscopic organisms accumulate over millennia in bodies of water. Once harvested, the diatomaceous earth is processed and refined into a fine powder. The unique structure of diatoms, with their intricate and porous shells, imparts distinct properties to DE, making it valuable in various industrial and domestic applications.
The characteristics of DE can vary based on the specific diatom species present, the geological location of the deposit, and the processing methods employed. These variations influence the particle size, silica content, and overall purity of the final product. Therefore, not all diatomaceous earth is created equal.
The Key Distinctions: Food Grade vs. Non-Food Grade
The primary difference between food grade and non-food grade diatomaceous earth lies in their purity levels and intended applications. Food grade DE is specifically processed to meet stringent standards for human and animal consumption, ensuring minimal contamination with harmful substances. Non-food grade DE, on the other hand, is intended for industrial purposes and may contain impurities that pose health risks if ingested.
Processing and Purity
Food grade diatomaceous earth undergoes rigorous quality control measures during processing. It is typically sourced from freshwater deposits and is calcined (heated) at lower temperatures compared to non-food grade DE. This lower calcination process helps preserve the amorphous silica structure, which is considered less harmful than the crystalline silica found in higher-temperature-processed DE. The goal is to minimize the presence of contaminants such as heavy metals, arsenic, and other potentially toxic substances.
Non-food grade diatomaceous earth, often used in applications like swimming pool filters or industrial absorbents, may be calcined at significantly higher temperatures. This process transforms the amorphous silica into crystalline silica, which is known to be a respiratory hazard when inhaled. It may also be sourced from saltwater deposits or contain higher levels of impurities.
Amorphous vs. Crystalline Silica
The silica content in diatomaceous earth is a critical factor in determining its safety. Silica exists in two primary forms: amorphous and crystalline. Amorphous silica is generally considered safe for ingestion in limited quantities, as it is readily eliminated from the body. Crystalline silica, however, is a known carcinogen and poses a significant health risk when inhaled over prolonged periods.
Food grade diatomaceous earth typically contains less than 1% crystalline silica, while non-food grade DE can contain significantly higher levels, sometimes exceeding 60%. This difference in crystalline silica content is a major reason why non-food grade DE is not suitable for human or animal consumption.
Intended Applications
The intended use of diatomaceous earth is a clear indicator of its grade. Food grade DE is marketed for internal consumption by humans and animals, often promoted as a natural supplement for improving digestion, reducing parasites, and enhancing overall health. It is also used as a natural insecticide in gardens and farms.
Non-food grade diatomaceous earth is primarily used in industrial applications such as:
- Swimming pool filters
- Water filtration systems
- Industrial absorbents
- Pest control around buildings and in non-food storage areas
- Filler in paints and plastics
These applications often involve handling the DE in large quantities, which can lead to inhalation of dust particles. The higher crystalline silica content in non-food grade DE makes it unsuitable for applications where human or animal exposure is likely.
Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth: Uses and Potential Benefits
Food grade diatomaceous earth is often touted as a natural remedy for various health conditions. While some anecdotal evidence suggests potential benefits, it is important to approach these claims with caution and consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating DE into your diet.
Internal Uses
Some proponents of food grade DE claim it can:
- Improve digestive health: By absorbing toxins and promoting regular bowel movements.
- Reduce parasites: By damaging the exoskeletons of internal parasites.
- Boost the immune system: By removing toxins and supporting gut health.
- Improve skin, hair, and nail health: Due to its silica content.
However, scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited. More research is needed to determine the efficacy and safety of food grade DE for these purposes. It’s also important to remember that individual responses to DE can vary.
External Uses
Food grade diatomaceous earth can also be used externally as a natural insecticide. Its abrasive properties can damage the exoskeletons of insects, leading to dehydration and death. It is commonly used in gardens to control pests such as aphids, ants, and caterpillars. It can also be used to control fleas and ticks on pets, but caution is advised to avoid inhalation or eye irritation.
Non-Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth: Industrial Applications
Non-food grade diatomaceous earth plays a vital role in various industrial processes. Its unique properties, such as high porosity, inertness, and abrasive nature, make it suitable for a wide range of applications.
Filtration
One of the most common uses of non-food grade DE is in filtration systems. Its porous structure allows it to effectively remove impurities from liquids, making it ideal for filtering swimming pool water, industrial wastewater, and even beer and wine.
Absorption
Diatomaceous earth’s high absorption capacity makes it an excellent absorbent for spills and leaks. It can quickly soak up oils, paints, and other liquids, making cleanup easier and preventing environmental contamination.
Pest Control
While food grade DE is used for pest control in gardens and on animals, non-food grade DE is often used for controlling pests in industrial settings, such as warehouses and food storage facilities. Its abrasive properties are effective at damaging the exoskeletons of insects, leading to their dehydration and death.
Safety Considerations and Potential Risks
Regardless of the grade, it is crucial to handle diatomaceous earth with care. Inhalation of DE dust can cause respiratory irritation and potentially lead to silicosis, a serious lung disease caused by the inhalation of crystalline silica.
Precautions for Handling Diatomaceous Earth
- Wear a dust mask: When handling DE, especially in enclosed spaces, wear a dust mask to prevent inhalation of dust particles.
- Avoid eye contact: DE can be irritating to the eyes. Wear safety glasses or goggles when handling it.
- Avoid skin contact: Prolonged skin contact with DE can cause dryness and irritation. Wear gloves when handling it.
- Use in well-ventilated areas: When applying DE in gardens or other areas, ensure adequate ventilation to minimize dust exposure.
- Keep out of reach of children and pets: Store DE in a secure location, away from children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion or inhalation.
Potential Risks of Ingestion
While food grade diatomaceous earth is generally considered safe for ingestion in small amounts, there are potential risks to consider.
- Digestive upset: Some individuals may experience digestive upset, such as bloating, gas, or constipation, when taking DE internally.
- Nutrient absorption: DE may interfere with the absorption of certain nutrients, especially minerals.
- Lung irritation: Even food grade DE can cause lung irritation if inhaled.
It is always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before taking food grade DE internally, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or are taking medications.
Making the Right Choice: How to Select the Appropriate Diatomaceous Earth
Choosing the right type of diatomaceous earth is essential for ensuring safety and effectiveness. Consider the following factors when selecting DE for your intended application.
Identify the Intended Use
Determine the specific purpose for which you need diatomaceous earth. If you plan to use it internally or externally on humans or animals, always choose food grade DE. If you need it for industrial applications such as filtration or absorption, non-food grade DE may be appropriate.
Check the Label Carefully
Always read the product label carefully to ensure that you are purchasing the correct grade of diatomaceous earth. Look for clear indications that the product is food grade and meets relevant safety standards.
Consider the Source
Choose diatomaceous earth from a reputable supplier who can provide information about the source of the DE and the processing methods used. Look for DE sourced from freshwater deposits and processed at lower temperatures to minimize crystalline silica content.
Look for Certifications
Some food grade diatomaceous earth products may be certified by third-party organizations, such as the Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI), which indicates that the product is suitable for use in organic farming.
When in Doubt, Choose Food Grade
If you are unsure about the grade of diatomaceous earth you need, it is always safer to choose food grade DE. While it may be slightly more expensive, it poses a lower risk of health hazards.
Conclusion
Diatomaceous earth is a versatile natural substance with a wide range of applications. However, it is essential to understand the difference between food grade and non-food grade DE to ensure safe and appropriate use. Food grade DE is specifically processed for human and animal consumption and contains minimal impurities and crystalline silica. Non-food grade DE is intended for industrial applications and may contain higher levels of impurities and crystalline silica, making it unsuitable for ingestion. By carefully considering the intended use, checking the label, and choosing a reputable supplier, you can select the right type of diatomaceous earth for your needs and minimize potential risks. Always prioritize safety and consult with a healthcare professional before using food grade DE for internal purposes.
What is Diatomaceous Earth (DE) and where does it come from?
Diatomaceous Earth is a naturally occurring, soft, siliceous sedimentary rock that is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. It is composed primarily of the fossilized remains of diatoms, a type of hard-shelled algae. These diatoms, microscopic single-celled organisms, have cell walls made of silica (silicon dioxide).
As diatoms die, their silica skeletons accumulate in sediments, forming deposits of diatomaceous earth over millions of years. These deposits are mined from both freshwater and saltwater sources, although freshwater DE is generally considered food grade due to its lower crystalline silica content. After mining, the DE is typically processed to remove impurities and graded based on its intended use.
What is the main difference between Diatomaceous Earth and Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth?
The primary difference lies in the level of crystalline silica present in the product. Diatomaceous Earth, used for industrial applications like filtration and pool maintenance, contains a higher percentage of crystalline silica, which is a known carcinogen when inhaled in high concentrations. This type of DE has undergone calcination, a heating process, to enhance its filtration properties, which increases the crystalline silica content significantly.
Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth, on the other hand, comes from freshwater sources and contains a very low percentage of crystalline silica (typically less than 1%). It is not calcined and undergoes minimal processing to preserve its amorphous silica structure. This lower crystalline silica content makes it safe for consumption by humans and animals, albeit in recommended dosages.
What are the common uses of Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth?
Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth is primarily used as a dietary supplement and natural insecticide. When consumed, it’s believed to support digestive health by binding to toxins and promoting regularity. It is also sometimes used to control internal parasites in livestock and pets. Its sharp edges are thought to help break down biofilm in the gut.
Externally, Food Grade DE is effective against a variety of pests, including ants, fleas, and bedbugs. The microscopic shards of silica damage the exoskeletons of these insects, leading to dehydration and death. It’s also used in grain storage to prevent insect infestations and is commonly found as an ingredient in some animal feed.
Is Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth safe for human consumption?
Yes, Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth is generally considered safe for human consumption when used as directed. However, it’s essential to purchase DE specifically labeled as “Food Grade” to ensure low crystalline silica content. Always start with a small dose and gradually increase it to assess your tolerance.
While generally safe, some individuals may experience mild side effects such as bloating, gas, or constipation. It is crucial to drink plenty of water when consuming DE to avoid dehydration and to aid in its passage through the digestive system. If you have any underlying health conditions, it’s always best to consult with your doctor before adding Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth to your diet.
What are the risks associated with using Diatomaceous Earth that is NOT food grade?
Using Diatomaceous Earth that is NOT food grade poses significant health risks, primarily due to its high crystalline silica content. Inhalation of crystalline silica can lead to silicosis, a serious lung disease characterized by inflammation and scarring of the lung tissue. Prolonged exposure can significantly impair lung function and even be fatal.
Furthermore, non-food grade DE may contain other contaminants or additives that are not safe for consumption. It is specifically designed for industrial applications like filtration and pest control in non-food environments. Therefore, it should never be ingested or used in areas where it could contaminate food or be inhaled by humans or animals.
How do I properly store Diatomaceous Earth?
Both Food Grade and non-food grade Diatomaceous Earth should be stored in a cool, dry place. Moisture can cause the DE to clump together, reducing its effectiveness. Proper storage also prevents the DE from absorbing odors or contaminants from its surrounding environment.
It is crucial to store DE in a tightly sealed container to prevent dust from becoming airborne, especially if it’s not food grade. While Food Grade DE has a lower crystalline silica content, it’s still best to avoid prolonged inhalation of the dust. Keep it away from children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion.
Can Diatomaceous Earth be used for pest control in my garden?
Yes, both Food Grade and non-food grade Diatomaceous Earth can be used for pest control in gardens, although Food Grade DE is the preferred choice, particularly on edible plants. DE works by damaging the exoskeletons of insects, leading to dehydration and death. It’s effective against a wide range of pests, including aphids, slugs, snails, and beetles.
To apply DE in your garden, simply dust the plants and surrounding soil. It’s most effective when applied on a dry day, as moisture reduces its ability to damage insect exoskeletons. Reapply after rain or watering. When using DE, take precautions to avoid inhaling the dust. Consider wearing a dust mask, especially when applying large quantities.