Turkey, a land bridging Europe and Asia, boasts a rich tapestry of culture, history, and stunning landscapes. From the bustling bazaars of Istanbul to the serene beaches of Antalya, and the otherworldly formations of Cappadocia, it offers a diverse range of experiences. However, to fully appreciate this captivating country and ensure a respectful and enjoyable trip, it’s crucial to be aware of certain customs and sensitivities. This article serves as a comprehensive guide to what you should absolutely not do in Turkey.
Respecting Turkish Culture and Customs
Turkey is a nation with deep-rooted traditions and a strong sense of national pride. Understanding and respecting these values is paramount to a positive experience.
Dress Code Considerations
While Turkey is generally considered a moderate Muslim country, it’s wise to be mindful of your attire, especially when visiting religious sites or venturing outside major tourist areas.
Avoid excessively revealing clothing. While you won’t be expected to cover your head in most places, showing too much skin, especially in rural areas or during religious holidays like Ramadan, can be considered disrespectful. Opt for modest clothing such as long skirts, trousers, and tops that cover your shoulders.
Dress modestly when visiting mosques. Mosques have specific dress codes. Women will usually need to cover their heads with a scarf, and both men and women should wear clothing that covers their arms and legs. Many mosques provide scarves and coverings at the entrance, but it’s always best to be prepared.
Etiquette in Social Interactions
Turkish culture places a high value on hospitality and social graces. Showing respect and good manners will go a long way.
Avoid public displays of affection. While holding hands is generally acceptable, excessive displays of affection, such as kissing and hugging in public, are frowned upon, particularly in more conservative areas.
Be mindful of your gestures. Some gestures that are harmless in other cultures can be considered offensive in Turkey. For example, the “OK” sign, formed by making a circle with your thumb and forefinger, can be interpreted as an insult.
Accept tea when offered. Offering tea is a sign of hospitality and friendship in Turkey. Declining an offer of tea can be seen as impolite. Even if you don’t want a full cup, accepting a small sip is a gracious gesture.
Religious Sensitivities
Islam is the dominant religion in Turkey, and it’s essential to be respectful of religious beliefs and practices.
Avoid loud or disruptive behavior near mosques. Be mindful of prayer times and refrain from making loud noises or engaging in disruptive behavior near mosques, especially during the call to prayer (adhan).
Do not enter mosques during prayer times. Unless you are there to pray, avoid entering mosques during prayer times. This is a time for reflection and devotion, and your presence could be disruptive.
Do not take photographs of people praying without their permission. Always ask for permission before taking photographs of people, especially if they are engaged in prayer. This demonstrates respect for their privacy and religious practices.
Navigating Legal and Social Boundaries
Turkey has its own set of laws and social norms, and it’s crucial to be aware of them to avoid any legal trouble or social faux pas.
Restrictions on Photography
While photography is generally permitted in most tourist areas, there are some restrictions to be aware of.
Avoid photographing military installations or personnel. Photographing military installations or personnel is strictly prohibited and can lead to serious consequences. Be mindful of your surroundings and avoid pointing your camera at anything that could be considered sensitive.
Do not photograph people without their permission. Always ask for permission before taking photographs of people, especially in more conservative areas. Some people may not want their picture taken for religious or personal reasons.
Respecting the Turkish Lira
The Turkish Lira is the official currency of Turkey, and it’s important to respect its value and handle it appropriately.
Avoid stepping on or tearing Turkish Lira. Treating the Turkish Lira with disrespect, such as stepping on it or tearing it, is considered a sign of disrespect to the country and its currency.
Political Discussions and Freedom of Speech
Turkey has specific laws regarding freedom of speech, and it’s important to be mindful of what you say, especially in public forums.
Avoid criticizing the Turkish government or Atatürk. Publicly criticizing the Turkish government or Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey, can be considered a crime and may result in legal consequences.
Be cautious when discussing sensitive political topics. Be mindful of your surroundings and avoid engaging in heated political discussions in public places. It’s best to avoid expressing strong opinions on sensitive political topics to avoid causing offense or attracting unwanted attention.
Drug Use and Possession
Turkey has strict laws regarding drug use and possession, and the penalties for violating these laws can be severe.
Avoid using or possessing illegal drugs. The use or possession of illegal drugs is strictly prohibited in Turkey, and the penalties for violating these laws can include imprisonment.
Scams and Tourist Traps
Like any popular tourist destination, Turkey has its share of scams and tourist traps. Being aware of these common schemes can help you avoid being taken advantage of.
Be wary of overly friendly strangers. Be cautious of strangers who approach you with overly friendly gestures or unsolicited offers of help. They may be trying to lure you into a scam.
Avoid unlicensed tour guides. Only use licensed tour guides who are authorized by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Unlicensed guides may not be knowledgeable or reliable.
Negotiate prices before accepting goods or services. Always negotiate prices before accepting goods or services, especially in bazaars and markets. Don’t be afraid to haggle for a better price.
Environmental Responsibility
Turkey boasts stunning natural landscapes, and it’s crucial to be mindful of your environmental impact and help preserve these treasures.
Respecting Natural Sites
Turkey’s natural wonders, such as Pamukkale and Cappadocia, are fragile and require careful protection.
Avoid littering in natural areas. Dispose of your trash properly and avoid littering in natural areas. Pack out everything you pack in.
Stay on marked trails. When hiking or exploring natural areas, stay on marked trails to avoid damaging vegetation or disturbing wildlife.
Do not take souvenirs from archaeological sites. Removing artifacts from archaeological sites is illegal and damages the historical record. Leave everything as you found it for others to enjoy.
Water Conservation
Water is a precious resource, especially in some parts of Turkey.
Be mindful of water usage. Be conscious of your water usage and avoid wasting water. Turn off the tap when brushing your teeth and take shorter showers.
Support eco-friendly accommodations. Choose accommodations that have implemented water conservation measures.
Practical Considerations
Beyond cultural sensitivities and legal boundaries, there are some practical considerations that can help you navigate Turkey more smoothly.
Driving in Turkey
Driving in Turkey can be challenging, especially in major cities.
Be aware of traffic laws and customs. Turkish traffic laws can be different from those in your home country. Be aware of local customs and drive defensively.
Consider renting a car with automatic transmission. Many cars in Turkey have manual transmissions. If you’re not comfortable driving a manual car, consider renting one with an automatic transmission.
Bargaining
Bargaining is a common practice in Turkish bazaars and markets.
Be prepared to haggle. Bargaining is expected in many Turkish markets and shops. Start with a lower offer than you’re willing to pay and be prepared to negotiate.
Be respectful and polite. Bargaining should be a friendly and respectful exchange. Avoid being aggressive or demanding.
Tipping
Tipping is customary in Turkey for certain services.
Tip in restaurants and cafes. It is customary to tip around 10-15% in restaurants and cafes for good service.
Tip taxi drivers. Tipping taxi drivers is not mandatory, but rounding up the fare is appreciated.
Tip hotel staff. It is customary to tip hotel staff, such as bellhops and housekeeping, for good service.
By being mindful of these guidelines and showing respect for Turkish culture and customs, you can ensure a smooth, enjoyable, and memorable trip to this fascinating country. Remember, a little preparation and awareness can go a long way in making your travel experience positive and enriching. Traveling responsibly not only enhances your own experience but also contributes to the preservation of Turkey’s unique cultural heritage and natural beauty.
What should I avoid wearing in Turkey to respect local customs?
While Turkey is generally modern and accepting, particularly in tourist areas, it’s important to be mindful of local customs, especially when visiting religious sites like mosques. Avoid wearing excessively revealing clothing, such as very short shorts, tank tops, or low-cut tops. Opt for modest attire that covers your shoulders and knees, especially when venturing outside of major tourist hubs.
When entering mosques, women are typically required to cover their heads. Many mosques provide scarves for visitors, but it’s always a good idea to carry your own lightweight scarf or head covering just in case. Men should also avoid wearing shorts when visiting mosques and ensure their shoulders are covered.
Is it okay to haggle aggressively in Turkish markets?
Haggling is a common practice in Turkish markets, particularly in the Grand Bazaar and Spice Bazaar in Istanbul. However, it’s important to approach the negotiation with a respectful and friendly attitude. Avoid being overly aggressive or demanding, as this can be seen as rude and may not yield the desired result. Start with a reasonable offer and be prepared to meet the vendor somewhere in the middle.
Remember that Turkish shopkeepers are trying to make a living. While haggling is expected, it’s important to be fair and not try to severely undercut their prices. A good rule of thumb is to offer around 50-70% of the initial asking price and gradually increase your offer while engaging in friendly conversation. A smile and a polite demeanor can go a long way in securing a good deal.
What should I NOT do regarding photography in Turkey?
Be mindful of where you are taking pictures. Avoid photographing people without their explicit permission, especially in more conservative areas. It is considered impolite and intrusive. Also, be aware of restricted areas, such as military installations or government buildings, where photography is strictly prohibited.
Always look for signs indicating whether photography is allowed, particularly inside museums or historical sites. Some locations may require a photography permit or have a “no flash” policy to protect artifacts. Disregarding these rules can lead to fines or being asked to leave the premises. Respect the privacy and regulations of the places you visit.
Are there common scams I should be aware of and avoid in Turkey?
Yes, like many popular tourist destinations, Turkey has its share of common scams. One common scam involves friendly locals offering to take you to a “hidden gem” restaurant or shop, which is often overpriced or of poor quality. Another involves shoe shiners who “accidentally” drop their brush and then demand payment for cleaning your shoes, even if you didn’t ask for it.
To avoid these scams, be wary of overly friendly strangers who approach you unsolicited. Do your own research on restaurants and shops and avoid relying solely on recommendations from strangers. Be assertive in declining unwanted services and always agree on a price beforehand if you do choose to use them. Trust your instincts and be aware of your surroundings.
Is it acceptable to criticize Turkish culture or politics openly?
While freedom of speech exists, it’s generally advisable to avoid openly criticizing Turkish culture or politics, especially in public settings. Turks are proud of their heritage and government, and making disparaging remarks can be seen as disrespectful and potentially lead to uncomfortable situations or even legal trouble.
Engage in respectful and informed discussions if the topic arises, but avoid making sweeping generalizations or offensive statements. Remember that you are a guest in their country, and it’s important to show respect for their values and beliefs. Focus on learning about and appreciating the positive aspects of Turkish culture.
What should I avoid eating or drinking from street vendors in Turkey?
While Turkish street food is delicious and tempting, it’s important to be cautious about hygiene standards. Avoid eating from vendors who don’t appear to have clean practices, such as washing their hands or using gloves. Be particularly wary of foods that have been sitting out for extended periods, especially during hot weather.
Stick to vendors that are popular and have a high turnover of food. Ensure that food is cooked thoroughly and served hot. It’s generally safer to opt for freshly prepared items rather than pre-made ones. When in doubt, err on the side of caution and choose to eat at established restaurants with good hygiene ratings.
Is it impolite to refuse tea or coffee when offered in Turkey?
Turkish hospitality is renowned, and offering tea or coffee is a common gesture of welcome. Refusing an offer of tea or coffee can be perceived as impolite, especially in homes or smaller shops. Accepting the offer, even if you only take a small sip, is a way of showing respect and acknowledging their kindness.
If you genuinely can’t drink tea or coffee for medical reasons or personal preference, politely explain your situation. A simple “Tesekkur ederim, ama maalesef icemiyorum” (Thank you, but unfortunately I can’t drink it) followed by a brief explanation is usually sufficient. Offer a sincere thank you for their kindness regardless of whether you accept the beverage.